Hi isbeinc! Welcome to the Qualtrics Community :)
You are correct that drawing a chart like that isn't supported out of the box, and that you would need to look into a code solution.
The bad news is (from my experience) that this will probably be complicated and require a lot of fiddling with to get right.
The most common approach to drawing dynamic charts in a web browser is d3js. It's a fantastic tool and should work fine in Qualtrics code, but it is a pain to learn. Thankfully there are a lot of examples out there and a quick Google can usually put you on the right path to solving any problems you encounter. If you're not familiar with JavaScript though, be prepared to sink a lot of time into this.
If the actual bars in your chart are static, all you'll need to figure out is how to tell dj3s how to draw it and which region to highlight (presumebly based on the users score).
If the bars are dynamic (eg: based on previous participant's scores), it's probably going to be more effort than it's worth. Qualtrics doesn't offer an easy way to grab previously recorded results, and it's not really a path I'd recommend going down.
Hopefully that helps out a bit - good luck!

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Hi there, to display results to respondents in the middle of the survey, I have been able to implement something similar before by including a link to a Qualtrics Public Report in an iframe. I recommend going with a report from the Reports section over the Results section. It is really customizable so you should be able to put something like your screen shot in place, though the current respondent's score will need to be displayed separately using either Piped text or a chart solution, like d3js.
To insert the Public Report into the survey, first create a Report and then grab the Public link for it. I recommend setting the size to "Fit".
Then over in your survey question, add the below to the Question Text using the HTML/Source View "<>" in the Rich Content Editor, updating the Public Report Link URL: 

Finally, add the below CSS over in the Style section of your survey's Look & Feel:
.container { position: relative;
 overflow: hidden;
 width: 100%;
 padding-top: 56.25%;
}

.responsive-iframe {
position: absolute;
 top: 0;
 left: 0;
 bottom: 0;
 right: 0;
 width: 100%;
 height: 100%;
}

Without the Public Report, getting the results of previous respondents for use within the survey is much trickier, like bgooldfed mentions. I think it would involve using a web service like mentioned in this thread.

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