Yes, this can be done in Workflows with a Survey Response event, though you must have collected the respondent’s email somewhere (either in the survey, or have it on file in your Directory and associated with the response).
See the following Support page for more info. https://www.qualtrics.com/support/survey-platform/actions-module/survey-response-events/
Yep you can, as per MatthewM advice.
My add to this, is through the templates response you may want to use you can also embed variables you have about the respondent such as their name etc in order to personalise what you send.
I am not sure if the email enables any attachment (just haven’t tried it) but you definitely can include text and urls to resources.