Hi Markus a couple ideas come to mind. You could use scoring to create a score for each possible path, based on the values of the questions they would see. For example, you could assign a point value of 1 to all the questions seen in Path 1, so that anyone who followed Path 1 should have a final Path 1 score of 8 (for example). Similarly, you could create embedded data fields that sum up questions in any given path.
Scoring: https://www.qualtrics.com/support/survey-platform/survey-module/survey-tools/scoring/
Math Operations: https://www.qualtrics.com/support/survey-platform/survey-module/editing-questions/piped-text/math-operations/
I'm not sure if you want to use this info in the Qualtrics platform, but I would just be inclined to do this in Excel.

Hi, Clair! Thank you very much for your answer. This is very helpful, I will try this out!

Update in case someone is looking to also analyze the frequency of different paths.
I ended up not using scores as just adding up point values would not give me a description of which option was selected for each choice. So, instead I used embedded data to set a variable for each choice (e.g., for the first choice it would be: choice1 = 1A when option A was chosen and choice1 = 1B when option B was chosen).
Then I created a new field (which I called "path") in the data section by concatenating all the choice variables. This way I would get a string of characters (e.g., path = 1A | 2B | 3B | 4A...) which uniquely describes the path taken by each respondent. Lastly, I can then use this path variable to determine the frequency of each possible path taken.